Friday, August 2, 2013

Part 9 - The Baltic Countries

Part 9 – The Baltic Countries

Our plan included 6 nights in the Baltic countries – Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.  Not a lot of time to see things in depth, but enough to see some highlights and hopefully give us a flavor of these countries that we had never been to before.  We would spend 2 nights in the capital in each country.  That would give us a full day each to explore Tallinn, Riga, and Vilnius.  We would also have some time to explore the countryside as each capital is only ~300 km from the adjacent one.  


Day 41 – Saturday, July 27. Tallinn, Estonia.  We arrived in Tallinn at 3:30 PM after a 2 hour ferry ride from Helsinki.  The B&B that we were staying at was only 5 minutes from the ferry terminal according to our GPS as well as Google maps.  However, there was a lot of street construction, with roads closed and it took us 45 minutes to finally find a way to get to the B&B – everything we kept trying resulted in a dead end.  After checking in we drove to Kadriorg Park.  This large park (almost 200 acres) and the centerpiece palace were commissioned by Peter the Great for his wife Catherine I.  Construction started in 1718.  The palace is now an art museum.  Next to the palace in the park is the home and office of the president of Estonia.  At the “pink house” (the building is mostly pink), we saw a brief changing of the guard ceremony – two guards going off duty, two coming on duty, and one officer to inspect the guards and transfer duty.  All over in about 1 minute.  It appears they must do this every hour, since later we saw another two guards and an officer heading towards the pink house.   The park is very large (we only walked through a small portion of it in 1.5 hours) and has a lot of variety - formal gardens by the palace, terraced rose gardens, children’s play areas, fountains, large trees, grassy fields, etc.  Something for everybody.   After the park we headed to dinner and then back to the B&B to plan our adventures for the next day.

Informal gardens

Side wing of the palace

Formal gardens behind the palace

The President's house
Our B&B was definitely the most “interesting” place that we have stayed so far.  We had a large 2 bedroom apartment on the 4th floor of a drab concrete building.  The walls in the rooms were all different colors, with peeling paint, and a mismatch of furniture.  The place had a distinct smell that Karen said reminded her of the smell of mink food on the mink ranch that her grandparents used to own when she was young.  The kitchen was mostly non-functional, with appliances that were not plugged in.  There was lots of extra furniture in the hallways of our apartment and on the landings in the stairwell.  The bathroom had a tank less hot water heater mounted above the end of the bathtub.  If you wanted hot water, you had to light a match, turn on the gas, and light the burner.  As you took a shower you could see the rows of gas flames heating the water through the open side of the hot water heater which was located at eye level.  I imagine (but don’t know) that our accommodations were similar to how many working class Estonian’s live, except they probably keep their apartments cleaner.  The apartment met our basic needs, and the old lady who ran the place was very nice, but I think that most of our friends and relatives would not find this type of accommodation acceptable.  It was definitely on the other end of the spectrum from our apartment in Helsinki that was ultra-modern and clean.
Water heater in bathroom of our apartment
Day 42 – Sunday, July 28. Tallinn.  We spent the entire day exploring the medieval Old Town section of Tallinn on foot.  Old Town is compact, and much of it is still surrounded by its 2.5 km (1.5 mile) defensive wall.  Most of the old moat has been filled in a long time ago, but the space is now well maintained parks, and the park area is quite wide, so the old city has a large greenbelt surrounding it, providing a buffer from the newer areas of the city.  When you are in Old Town you are truly insulated from the glass skyscrapers in the new core of the city and the drab soviet era buildings.  I will probably use many nice adjectives to describe Tallinn, but overall it was WONDERFUL.  It is hard to compare very dissimilar places, but overall Tallinn is the best place we have been on our trip so far. It probably helped that we had perfect blue skies and a temperature of around 75° F (24° C).  

We decided to walk to the entrance to the old part of town as it was only ~ 1 km.  We could have taken the tram, but we would have had to walk about half that distance to catch the tram, so it didn't seem worthwhile to figure out how to buy tickets and which tram to get on, where to get off, etc.  We entered town through the Old Coast Gate – the medieval exit to Tallinn’s port.  The main street, Pikk, is lined with houses and shops from the 15th century.  Our first stop after taking photos of the entrance towers and gate was St. Olaf’s Church.  Karen and the kids talked up the 250+ steps of the church tower while I headed to the west side of the town where the original walls are intact and there are 8 well preserved towers.  Outside the gates in the park they were having a flower festival, with beautiful flower gardens and garden art.  It was very peaceful with no automobile traffic.  It was also nice to visit a place without buses full of tourists.  There were a number of people going through the gardens and walking along the walls, but most of them appeared to be local families enjoying a beautiful Sunday in the park and old city.  Karen and the kids rejoined me and we found a nice cafe with outside seating for lunch. 
Towers by Old Coast Gate

Street in Old Town Tallinn


Towers on town wall
After lunch we continued our walk through the narrow cobble-stoned streets.  We found a section of the town wall where we could go up in the towers and walk along the covered walkways at the top of the wall, and then worked our way to Raekoja plats, the town square.  One side of the square is northern Europe’s only surviving Gothic town hall, while the other three sides are dominated by restaurants with seating in the square.  We saw more tourists in this area of town, but it still did not feel like a big tourist area.  We finished our visit to Old Town by working our way up through Toompea, which is a neighborhood on a hill on the southwest corner of town.  To reach Toompea we walked up narrow winding alleyways (some with stairs due to the steepness).  On top we were rewarded with views of the large 19th century Russian Orthodox Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, the Estonian parliament building, and lots of large old houses, many now functioning as foreign embassies.  At the edge of the neighborhood there are viewing platforms that are 100+ feet above the old city, with great views of the old city, the harbor, and the modern city.  We descended a series of steps to get back to Raekoja plats where we had dinner.  After dinner we walked back to our B&B and collapsed with exhaustion.

Raekoja Plats

Town Hall


Section of path up to Toompea

View of Toompea (the elevated area on hill)
Update on my foot.  Every day it gets a little better.  The visible bruises are mostly gone – my foot just has a light yellow tint.  It is still swollen, but very gradually the swelling is reducing.  A couple of times I have slipped and put my full weight on it, experienced severe pain, and thought I had broken it again.  However, after a few hours it was back to normal (the new normal, not the pre-break normal).  After we finished going up onto the old town wall and up some very steep irregular stairways in three towers on the wall Karen said “Thank God you broke your foot or we wouldn't be able to keep up with you.”  She was exaggerating, but I guess that means I am starting to get around a little better.  Today was a lot of walking, more than 4 miles (6.5 km), with a lot of stairs.  My foot doesn't feel too bad tonight after all that walking, but my hands, wrists, arms, and shoulders are very tired and sore from using the crutches.  Crutches are a lot of fun on irregular cobblestone roads and sidewalks.  If we weren't on this trip I would probably be sitting on the couch waiting for my foot to heal and gaining weight.  As it is, I am getting a great upper body workout in addition to a lower body workout from all the walking.  The crutches are also getting a good workout.  One of the rubber/plastic ends split due to all the abuse on the cobblestones, so I reinforced it with duct tape - not pretty, but hopefully will hold.  Always carry duct tape - I consider it one of the "ten essentials".

Cobblestones and crutches

 Day 43 – Monday, July 29. Riga, Latvia.  We packed up and got ready to head to Estonia.   When we were loading the car to leave, there was an old woman who had gone through the garbage bin from the B&B who kept standing there as we were cleaning out our card.  We had we had several empty cans and plastic bottles that we were going to leave by the garbage, and she gladly took the bag from us before we could set it down. We had seen old women the day before doing the same thing, going through garbage bins to pull out items that could be recycled for money or other items of value.   It is a good life lesson for the kids that everyone is not as fortunate as we are. Hopefully they will better appreciate how blessed they are.  While the old town in Tallinn was wonderful, once you got away from the medieval part of town the inner city more closely resembled our apartment.  Most of the buildings had peeling paint, things were generally ran down, and there was a fair amount of graffiti.   The exception was the central part of the new town, with glass skyscrapers and lots of new development.

We had about 200 km to drive in Estonia before we entered Latvia.  Once we left Tallinn most of the drive was through farmland on two lane roads.  Many Estonian drivers are very aggressive when passing – they pull out to pass when there is not enough space to pass, forcing either the oncoming vehicle or the vehicle being passed to brake.    Total distance driven in Estonia, 160 miles (250 km). Total distance driven to date, 4890 miles (7870 km).  Our favorite things in Estonia were: Karen – the many great photo opportunities, Elizabeth – climbing all the towers, Matthew – the Town Hall, Mike – view of the city walls with the flower festival plantings in the foreground.

Shortly after entering Latvia there were a number of parking areas with access to the beach.  We stopped for a while to go down on the beach and dip our toes in the Bay of Riga.  Well – I didn’t go all the way down – my foot is still wrapped and crutches and sand are not a good mix.  We then turned inland and drove to the town of Cēsis to visit the Cēsis Castle.  This castle was built in 1214 by the Order of the Swordbrothers, and then taken over about 20 years later by the Teutonic Knights.   The castle was abandoned in the early 18th century and gradually fell into a state of disrepair.  Today you can go in one of the towers that is largely intact, and tour the rest of the grounds.  Some of the narrow circular staircases in the tower are almost pitch black.  They provide you with candle lanterns so you can see to ascend and descend the steps – unique and keeping in character with a medieval castle.  We stayed until the castle closed at 6PM, and then drove to Riga, arriving about 8 PM.
Matthew and Elizabeth having fun at the beach

 Cēsis Castle
Our hotel in Riga was a pleasant change from Tallinn.  Most importantly it was clean and did not have a funky odor!   Our suite was huge – large enough to actually live in comfortably on a long term basis.   There were three large bedrooms (~16’x10’ each), a large living room, a bathroom, and a large kitchen with full size refrigerator, gas range and oven, washing machine, and an eating area.  The only downside was the 103 steps to get to our room – not that anyone was counting!  It seemed like a waste to just be using our large suite just as a place to sleep.

Day 44 – Tuesday, July 30. Riga.  During the night there was very heavy rain.  By mid-morning when we left the hotel there were just intermittent light rain showers.  By noon the rain had stopped for good.  We spent the entire day in the old portion of Riga.  Unlike Tallinn, there is not a clearly distinguished old town section – no city walls to define the area.  We spent most of the time in an area bounded by the Daugava River on the west, and the canal lined with parks that connects with the river to the north and south and makes a roughly flat letter “D”.   The old portion of Riga is also less heterogeneous than Tallin, with a mix of buildings from different eras. It was a very nice town, with lots of wonderful architecture, but a bit of a letdown after Tallinn – it is always difficult to follow perfection.

From our hotel we walked about 1 km to reach the canal that roughly marks the boundary of the old city.  Along the way we passes a number of Art Nouveau buildings.  About a third of Riga’s city center is built in this style, making it the premier Art Nouveau destination in Europe.   Our first stop in the old city was the Powder Tower, one of Riga’s originally fortification towers, dating to 1330.  We then continued south along the canal to the Freedom Monument which is the symbol of Latvian independence.  We stopped for lunch in Līvu Square.  This square was built after WWII, but has a number of large 18th century buildings that have been preserved.  We then continued to Dome Square, the largest square in Riga.  One side of the square is dominated by the large Dome Cathedral.  The rest of the square’s appearance dates to the 1930's when a portion of the old medieval buildings were torn down.  L
Art Nouveau building
Freedom Monument
Līvu Square.
We continued our journey through Riga to St. Peter’s Church.  There is a lift inside the spire so we were all able to go up to the viewing platform high above the city.  Unfortunately people who cannot navigate any stairs would not be able to go as you have to go up about 40 stairs to get the entrance to the lift.   The views at the top of the old city were great as well as the views to the west access the river to a newer area of town that had some modernistic glass and steel office buildings.   After St. Peter’s Church I decided to take a break, and Matthew decided to stay with me while Karen and Elizabeth walked a few hundred meters further south to Central Market.  The market is one of the largest on Europe with food pavilions located inside large converted Zeppelin hangers, as well as a large number of outdoor vendors selling almost anything that you could ever want.  They joined us when they were done at Rātslaukums Square, the town square.  During WWII the square was completely destroyed, but the town hall and the House of Blackheads have been rebuilt to match their original appearance.  The House of Blackheads was originally built in the 14th century and was the guild hall for the Guild of Unmarried Merchants.  I had some critical work emails that I needed to respond to L, so Karen and the kids went back to the area around the Freedom Monument to have dinner and I joined them about an hour later.  After dinner we walked back to our hotel.  My foot did OK today, but the last 1 km back to the hotel and the 100 steps up to our room was a challenge, and I had to stop 3 or 4 times to rest.
View from St. Peter's Church tower

House of Blackheads
Day 45 – Wednesday, July 31. Vilnius, Lithuania.  Today we would drive to Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania, with a couple of stops in other towns in Lithuania along the way.  Total distance driven in Latvia, 160 miles (260 km). Total distance driven to date, 5050 miles (8130 km).  Our favorite things in Latvia were: Karen – amber jewelry, Elizabeth – the beach and the castle in Cēsis, Matthew & Mike – St. Peter’s Church, especially the view from the tower.

One unique thing that we noticed in the rural portion of the drive in Estonia and in Latvia is the large number of storks.  We saw many storks in their nests, as well as flying around.  Another thing that we noticed was that Estonia and Latvia censor music on the radio like they do in the US.  The other countries we have been to in Europe appear to play the original unedited music, without making the “bad words” unintelligible. 

Storks in nest
On our way to Vilnius we stopped at the geographical center of Europe.  There are disputes on exactly where the geographical center of Europe is depending on what land area is included/excluded in the calculations, but almost all point to a location in Lithuania north of Vilnius.  As I read on one site discussing this, “Europe is a concept, not a continent, so there are not definite boundaries”.    The location we went to is recognized by several international groups, and the Lithuanian government has built a monument there.  There is an obelisk, a large plaza, informational plaques, and flag poles with flags of all the European countries.  It was nicely maintained but doesn't appear to be visited much.  We were the only ones there, and there were only space for a few cars to park.  It is located out in the middle of a farm/forest area, so you really need a car to get there.
Elizabeth and Matthew at center of Europe monument

We arrived in Vilnius about 5 PM.  Our hotel was in the middle of the old city in Vilnius, in a converted monastery.  We had a hard time finding it since our GPS told us to drive where there was no road.  Finally we parked and Karen and Matthew walked to find it, and then they got directions on how to get to it in the car.  We never would have gotten there on our own as you had to go through three different places that said “do not enter” and drive on what are basically pedestrian streets/alleys.  The hotel gave her directions and said to just ignore the signs.  The hotel was very nice – it looked like it had recently been renovated, but it had tons of character both inside and outside.  It is nice to be staying in the old part of the city – we only have to step out of the hotel courtyard to start seeing sights.   After dinner and some planning for the next day we relaxed and read before retiring for the night.

Day 46 – Thursday, August 1. Vilnius.  Wow – it is August already!  Even though we still have almost 4 weeks left on our trip and many places let to see, being in the last month of our trip makes it seem so close to the end.  We spent the entire day on a self-guided walking tour visiting places that were of interest to us.  We started right outside our hotel at the Gates of Dawn.  This is the only remaining of the original ten defense gates when the city walls that were originally built in 1514.  We then continued down the main street of town, heading north to the Neris River which bounds the edge of the old town.  There are a lot of churches in Vilnius – certainly more concentrated than in any city we have been to so far.  There were 31 churches identified on our map just in the old section of Vilnius.  Outside of each church there is a plaque giving the history of the church, both in Lithuanian and English.  Very interesting.  As an example, the Church of St. Casimir was the first Baroque church built in Vilnius, built in 1604.  Much of interior was destroyed by Napoleon’s army, and then late in the 19th century it was modified to become a Russian Orthodox Church.  In the 20th century it was converted by the Soviets into the Museum of Atheism – some interesting symbolism there.  In 1991 it was returned to the Jesuits.  In the United States we take freedom of religion for granted, but it certainly is not a universal concept, and many of the churches we have visited have been re-purposed over the years based on the whims of the current rulers.   We detoured off the main street to see the Lithuanian Presidential Palace, and then had lunch in a slightly newer area of town.  
Dawn Gate


Church of St. Casimir

Narrow street in city center
After lunch we went to the Cathedral-Basilica of St. Stanislaus & St. Ladislaus, Lithuania’s most important sanctuary.  This cathedral was another example of the Soviet influence and repression of religion.  During the occupation years this beautiful cathedral was converted to an automobile repair shop.   Fortunately it has been fully restored, and it was hard to envision mechanics working on cars when we were in the sanctuary.    Next we headed up to Gediminas’ Tower.  The tower is located on the top of a 48 meter (160 foot) high hill and is the only remaining part of the Upper Castle which stood here from the 10th to 14th century.  We then headed over to the east part of town and went to St. Anne and Bernardine Church Ensemble.  These churches are built in the gothic style and date to the late 15th century.    St. Anne’s brick façade is especially impressive.  Matthew and Elizabeth walked back to the hotel at this point, while Karen and I continued our sightseeing.  We walked along the Vilnia River, a shallow but swift tributary of the Neris River that forms the eastern boundary of the old section of Vilnius.  We watched several people in kayaks going by.  We then went through a large park and up another hill to a viewpoint before returning to our hotel.  After a rest we walked back into town for a later dinner.  Our hotel room was on the top floor, and faced in towards a central courtyard.  It was in general very quiet, but while we were resting we heard lots of loud shouting and chanting in unison, and many police sirens.  It sounded like there was a large protest or riot was going on.  This went on for probably 45 minutes.  When we left for dinner it had been quiet for a while, but there was evidence that the “event” had happened right outside the entrance to our hotel.  The street that had been full of tourists was almost totally empty, there were a lot of empty bottles in the street, and a number of discharged tubes were in the street that looked like they had held some type of gas, potentially used by the police to disperse the crowd.  There was a large police presence visible.  When we came back to the hotel after dinner things seemed to be back to normal – there were a lot more pedestrians walking down the street, and a less visible police presence.  Not sure what happened.  Searched online and again in the morning to see if there was anything in the news but couldn't find any references to protests in Vilnius.

Cathedral-Basilica of St. Stanislaus & St. Ladislaus

Interior of cathedral

St. Anne and Bernardine Church Ensemble
Day 47– Friday, August 2. Onward to Poland.  We left our hotel mid-morning to drive to Poland.  We had an uneventful drive to the Polish border, stopping to purchase groceries for lunch and diesel.  Total distance driven in Lithuania, 265 miles (425 km). Total distance driven to date, 5320 miles (8550 km).  Our favorite things in Lithuania were: Karen –being inside our hotel (vs. in the street) during the “riot in Vlnius”, Elizabeth - Gediminas’ Tower, Matthew – the “auto repair church” (the cathedral/basilica), Mike – the variety of architectural styles of the churches and reading about their history.

Other observations:  Smoking.  Everywhere we have been in Europe we see large number of people smoking.  Fortunately smoking indoors is banned almost all places we have visited so far, but outside is a different story, with seemingly half the people with a cigarette in their hand or mouth many places.  It seemed like significantly more people smoke here than in the US, maybe 5-10 times as many people.  I finally got around to looking up some statistics to see if my observations were correct.  The answer was both yes and no – statistics are never simple.  Smoking rate varies by country, but roughly 30-35% of Europeans smoke on average (about 50% of males in the Baltic countries smoke, and 25% of females) compared to 20% of Americans.  So, overall, Europeans smoke at a rate of 1.5X Americans.  However, the rate I found for Americans seemed very high – I would only say 1-2% of adults I know smoke, not the 20% statistic that I saw for Americans.  So, I went to the next level.  The smoking rate in Oregon where we live is the 6th lowest out of the 50 states.  However, most telling was the statistics on smoking and education level.  40% of Americans without a high school diploma smoke, 24% of Americans whose formal education stopped at high school smoke, 9% with an undergraduate college degree smoke, and only 5% of adults with a postgraduate college degree smoke.  Almost all the people I work with at Intel have college degrees, many with postgraduate degrees.  There is also a high percentage of Asian Americans at Intel, and Asian Americans smoke at a rate of less than half that of the general American population.  So, throw all those factors together – the people I spend most my time around are highly educated, they come from ethnic backgrounds that smoke less, and I live in a state that smokes much less than the national average and that means that it probably is accurate than only 1-2% of the adults I know smoke, and hence my observation that the smoking rate here seems very, very high.  I guess if I lived in an area with low education level in Kentucky (the state with the highest smoking rate) then the smoking rate in Europe might seem similar to what I would see back at home.



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